Mixture design and multivariate analysis in mixture research.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Mixture design has been used to identify possible interactions between mutagens in a mixture. In this paper the use of mixture design in multidimensional isobolographic studies is introduced. Mutagenicity of individual nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was evaluated is an organic extract of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). The particles were extracted with dichloromethane (DCM). After replacing DCM with dimethyl sulfoxide, the extract was spiked with three individual nitro-PAH: 1-nitropyrene, 2-nitrofluorene, and 1,8-dinitropyrene. The nitro-PAH were added separately and in various combinations to the extract to determine the effects of each variable and to identify possible interactions between the individual nitro-PAH and between the nitro-PAH and the extract. The composition of the mixtures was determined by mixture design (linear axial normal) with four variables (the DEP extract and the three nitro-PAH, giving 8 different mixtures plus a triplicate centerpoint, i.e., a total of 11. The design supports a model with linear and interaction (product) terms. Two different approaches were used: traditional mixture design within a well-defined range on the linear part of the dose-response curves and an isobolographic mixture design with equipotent doses of each variable. The mixtures were tested for mutagenicity in the Ames assay using the TA98 strain of Salmonella typhimurium. The data were analyzed with projections to latent structures (PLS). The three individual nitro-PAH and the DEP extract acted additively in the Ames test. The use of mixture design either within a well-defined range of the linear part on the dose-response curve or with equipotent doses saves experiments and reduces the possibility of false interaction terms in situations with dose additivity or response additivity.
منابع مشابه
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Using Generalized Mixture Operators
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a method based on teamwork to identify potential failures and problems in a system, design, process and service in order to remove them. The important part of this method is determining the risk priorities of failure modes using the risk priority number (RPN). However, this traditional RPN method has several shortcomings. Therefore, in this paper we p...
متن کاملImproving Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite-based Epoxy by High-impact Polystyrene and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Optimizing by a Mixture Design Approach
In the current study the influence of weight percentage of HIPS, weight percentage of CNT and hardener content on damping 1st and damping 2nd properties of epoxy/HIPS/CNT hybrid composite wase valuated. Mixture design methodology was employed to generate mathematical models for predicting damping 1st and damping 2nd behaviors of new mentioned hybrid nanocomposite as function of physical factors...
متن کاملPattern Clustering by Multivariate Mixture Analysis.
Cluster analysis is reformulated as a problem of estimating the para- meters of a mixture of multivariate distributions. The maximum-likelihood theory and numerical solution techniques are developed for a fairly general class of distributions. The theory is applied to mixtures of multivariate nor- mals (NORMIX) and mixtures of multivariate Bernoulli distributions (Latent Classes). The feasibili...
متن کاملSelective ultrasound enhanced removal of anionic dyes from binary mixture using multivariate calibration and central composite design modeling by positively charged hyper branched ammonium functionalized magnetic graphene oxide
گرافن اکساید مغناطیسی اصلاح شده توسط پیوند کوالانسی با دندریمر با ظرفیت جذب بالا سنتز گردید و برای حذف همزمان رنگهای ریاکتیو قرمز (RR) 195 و ری اکتیو زرد (RY) 145 مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. پارامترهای موثر از قبیل غلظت اولیه رنگها، مقدار جاذب و زمان امواج فراصوت توسط طراحی آزمایش بهینه گردید. به دلیل همپوشانی شدید طیف رنگ-ها، غلظت رنگها توسط روش حداقل مربعات جزئی به عنوان یک روش کالیبراسیون ...
متن کاملAsymptotic Analysis of Binary Gas Mixture Separation by Nanometric Tubular Ceramic Membranes: Cocurrent and Countercurrent Flow Patterns
Analytical gas-permeation models for predicting the separation process across membranes (exit compositions and area requirement) constitutes an important and necessary step in understanding the overall performance of membrane modules. But, the exact (numerical) solution methods suffer from the complexity of the solution. Therefore, solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equations th...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Environmental Health Perspectives
دوره 106 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1998